The flexibility of this technology allows new techniques and technologies to be implemented at low cost and without requiring hardware modifications.
(Shutterstock image courtesy of Per Vices)
Software-defined radio (SDR) technology offers impressive configuration flexibility and high measurement accuracy, making it ideal for use in medical imaging applications.
SDR-based architectures produce clear image reconstructions and high diagnostic confidence. Employing commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) SDR systems reduces the overall cost of developing diagnostic solutions and reduces the lead times required for their development, benefiting both the medical industry and the patient.
How it works
In medical imaging equipment, the SDR platform is suitable for signal processing, system calibration, multi-radio synchronization and image reconstruction. On the same subject : Leonardo SDR to equip NATO AWACS fleet – Digital Battlespace.
Block diagram of an MRI system based on Per Vices’ SDR platform (Image courtesy of Per Vices)
A typical image configuration includes a computer system and an SDR platform. The computer controls the system function while the SDR platform is normally used for signal processing and signal transmission and reception. A basic SDR architecture consists of a radio front-end, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and a digital signal processor (DSP).
SDR-based systems can operate reliably and accurately over a large bandwidth and frequency spectrum, making them a good platform to host ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless technology, which is becoming increasingly popular in hospital environments. A medical imaging system is considered UWB when its operating frequency range is greater than 500 MHz. Higher frequencies resolve finer structures, while lower frequencies resolve larger structures and provide contrast to the reconstructed image. This means that the entire operating range is vital to extracting as much information from the image as possible to create an accurate reconstruction.
Performance of SDR-based medical imaging systems
In hospital settings, a large number of medical imaging devices are expected to coexist in a confined space, but traditional radio devices are highly susceptible to RF interference. This may interest you : Distributed Maritime Operations: A Resilient Force Structure Enabled By JADC2 – Breaking Defense Breaking Defense. Interference slows down the performance of radio systems and limits the number of devices that can coexist in a given space.
The SDR paradigm uses MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) technology to maximize the number of devices that can coexist in a given space. This technology allows for multiple receiver/transceiver channels, allowing multiple signals to be transmitted and/or received while limiting interference between channels.
The speed of a typical imaging device is largely determined by the rate at which the system acquires samples (quadrature or I/Q sampling rate). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an imaging system is largely determined by the I/Q sampling rate, in an inversely proportional relationship.
Unlike direct sampling, the I/Q sampling approach – which SDR-based systems use – helps simplify the implementation of a signal processing system. In addition, the cost of the software-based mixing and filtering components required when using I/Q data is low. Using I/Q data in medical images reduces the cost of developing diagnostic tools and also increases their upgradeability.
In critical applications such as medical imaging, radio signals must be perfectly synchronized. Lack of signal synchronization can result in distorted images and inaccurate results. SDR-based systems offer better phase coherence than current hardware-only medical imaging systems, producing fewer errors and less distortion of the reconstructed images.
Advantages of SDR in medical diagnostics
Sophisticated medical imaging systems based on dedicated hardware components can be difficult to upgrade. See the article : Energy’s Nevada National Security Site’s Network 2025 vision laying the foundation for the future. The lack of upgrade capabilities and single-use applications on these devices cause relatively rapid obsolescence and require entirely new systems to replace them.
Compared to traditional devices, imaging systems based on SDR technology use software-based components to perform core functions. Unlike hardware components, software-based components are more flexible, easier to upgrade, and provide better performance.
The software-based components of the SDR paradigm can be updated by reprogramming the software in the DSP subsystem. This subsystem is commonly implemented using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The reprogrammability of SDR systems makes it easy to upgrade and integrate into any system.
Additionally, SDRs can have a huge impact on non-contact medical imaging. This is an important technology mainly for vulnerable patients, such as infants and burn victims, as it allows the acquisition of vital signs of patients without physical contact. SDR systems are well suited for this application due to the flexibility in configuration, repeatability and impressive SNR these systems have.
Brandon Malatest is COO and co-founder of software-defined radio company Per Vices, based in Toronto. He has a degree in Physics with a major in Experimental Physics from the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada.
The opinions expressed in this blog post are those of the author alone and do not necessarily reflect those of Medical Design and Outsourcing or its employees.
Transmission capability. There are half-duplex SDRs, which means you can transmit or receive at the same time, but not both at the same time. This can be a hindrance if you want to simultaneously intercept a signal and transmit a modified version of your signal.
What is SDR engineering?
SDR is ready for emergency repair of impact and fire damaged structures and bridges to provide accelerated and cost-effective solutions using traditional and non-traditional techniques.
What does SDR mean construction? The SDR tube is the “Standard Dimensional Ratio” and refers to the tube geometry. The SDR is defined as the ratio of the nominal outside diameter to the nominal wall thickness.
How does RTL SDR work?
What is RTL-SDR? The RTL-SDR is a very cheap ~$30 USB dongle that can be used as a computer-based radio scanner to receive live radio signals in your area (no internet required). Depending on the specific model, it can receive frequencies from 500 kHz up to 1.75 GHz.
Is RTL-SDR illegal? It is illegal to manufacture, import, sell or rent such unauthorized equipment in the United States.” An rtl-sdr can “receive transmissions on frequencies allocated for home cellular services” or that means that the device must be inherently capable of decoding and processing the signal. ?
Can RTL-SDR receive WiFi?
A demonstration of 2.4GHz RTL-SDR and ISM receiving WiFi with a modified SUP-2400 downconverter. Back in April, we posted about how KD0CQ discovered that it could receive signals up to 4.5GHz with an RTL-SDR using a $5 downconverter for DirecTV called the SUP-2400.
Does an SDR radio need Internet connection?
RTL-SDR is a very cheap dongle that can be used as a computer based radio scanner to receive live radio signals in a specific area, also no internet connectivity is required.
What can I do with my RTL-SDR?
What are some RTL-SDR radio scanner apps?
- Use as a police radio scanner.
- Listen for EMS/Ambulance/Fire communications.
- Hear aircraft traffic control conversations.
- Tracking aircraft positions like a radar with ADSB decoding.
- Decoding short messages from ACARS aircraft.
- Sweeping trunking radio conversations.
Can a WIFI dongle be used SDR?
Do not. They are not designed to generate arbitrary frequencies outside of assigned wifi ranges, nor do they typically have the ability to handle modulation schemes other than those required for wifi.
Can you transmit with RTL-SDR?
The disadvantages of RTL-SDR are that it cannot transmit and that the tuner range often stops before the commonly used 2.4GHz band. Once you get into high-end radios, you not only get broadcast capabilities, but also wider tuner range and sample rate.
Can you transmit with HackRF One?
USB SDR Devices: HackRF One – Highest price ($350), Receive and Transmit (frequency range: 1 MHz and 6 GHz), Half-Duplex.
What can I do with RTL-SDR?
What are some RTL-SDR radio scanner apps?
- Use as a police radio scanner.
- Listen for EMS/Ambulance/Fire communications.
- Hear aircraft traffic control conversations.
- Tracking aircraft positions like a radar with ADSB decoding.
- Decoding short messages from ACARS aircraft.
- Sweeping trunking radio conversations.
How do you program a RTL-SDR?
What is RTL software?
RTL-SDR (RealTek) is a low-cost USB device that can be used as a computer-based radio to receive live radio signals. Depending on the RTL-SDR it can receive frequencies from 500 kHz to 1.75 GHz. Most of the software for the RTL-SDR is also community-developed, open-source, and mostly free.
What is the best SDR software?
10 top-rated software-defined radios (SDR)
- NESDR Nano 2 Tiny Black RTL-SDR USB Set. …
- RTL-SDR Blog R820T2 RTL2832U 1PPM TCXO SMA Software Defined Radio. …
- Ham It Up v1. …
- NESDR Nano 3 OTG – Premium Tiny RTL-SDR Package. …
- NESDR SMART HF package: 100kHz-1.7GHz software-defined radio.
What is spectrum hole?
In the context of cognitive radio, secondary users opportunistically exploit the existence of spectrum gaps to improve spectrum utilization. A spectrum hole is a licensed frequency band that is not being used for some period of time, usually in a specific area [11].
What type of antenna is used in cognitive radio? ] a quad-band antenna for cognitive radio is presented. It features a direction radiation pattern in four frequency bands, covering most of the spectrum used for existing wireless applications. The MEMS switch is used to adjust the operating frequency of the quad-band antenna.
What is a hole in the spectrum?
A frequency spectrum hole is technically defined as a frequency band in which a secondary can transmit without interfering with any primary receiver (at all frequencies).
What are the main functions of cognitive radio?
The main functions of cognitive radios are: Spectrum detection: Detect unused spectrum and share it, without harmful interference to other users; an important requirement of the radio-cognitive network to sense the empty spectrum….[edit]Functions
- Matching filter detection.
- Energy detection.
- Detection of cyclostationary characteristics.
What are the components of cognitive radio?
There are two main subsystems in a cognitive radio; a cognitive unit that makes decisions based on multiple inputs and a flexible SDR unit whose operating software offers a variety of possible operating modes.
Which is the type of cognitive radio?
Depending on the transmission and reception parameters, there are two main types of cognitive radio: Full Cognitive Radio (Mitola radio), in which all possible parameters observable by a wireless node (or network) are considered. Cognitive Radio with Spectrum Detection, in which only the radio frequency spectrum is considered.
What are the characteristics of cognitive radio?
Cognitive radio (CR) is a form of wireless communication in which a transceiver can intelligently detect which communication channels are in use and which are not. It instantly moves to vacant channels, avoiding the busy ones. It does not cause any interference to the licensed user.
What are the components of cognitive radio?
There are two main subsystems in a cognitive radio; a cognitive unit that makes decisions based on multiple inputs and a flexible SDR unit whose operating software offers a variety of possible operating modes.
What are the characteristics of cognitive radio Mcq?
Explanation: A cognitive radio (CR) is a radio that can be programmed and dynamically configured to use the best wireless channels nearby to avoid user interference and congestion.
What are the main functions of cognitive radio?
The main functions of cognitive radios are: Spectrum detection: Detect unused spectrum and share it, without harmful interference to other users; an important requirement of the radio-cognitive network to sense the empty spectrum….[edit]Functions
- Matching filter detection.
- Energy detection.
- Detection of cyclostationary characteristics.
What is meant by spectrum pooling?
Spectrum pooling is a spectrum management strategy in which multiple users of radio spectrum can coexist in a single allocation of radio spectrum space. One use of this technique is so that the primary users of a spectrum allocation can lease the use of unused portions of their allocation to secondary users.
What is spectrum allocation in mobile communication?
Spectrum allocation is the process of regulating the use of the electromagnetic spectrum and dividing it among various, sometimes competing, organizations and interests.
What is the 5G spectrum?
The 5G spectrum is a range of radio frequencies in the range below 6 GHz and in the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency range which is 24.25 GHz and above. 5G spectrum refers to the radio frequencies that carry data from user equipment (UE) to cellular base stations to the data endpoint.
What is spectrum process?
Spectrum processing can be used to process short regions of up to 60 seconds offline. This type of processing can be used to reduce, remove or replace unwanted sound artifacts in the audio material with great precision.
Why SDR is called paper gold?
It works as a complement to the existing monetary reserves of member countries. It was represented as an asset that could be used to offset balance of payments deficits in the same way as gold or reserve currencies and is therefore called paper gold.
What is SDR Gold? The SDR was initially defined as equivalent to 0.888671 grams of fine gold – which, at the time, was also equivalent to one US dollar. After the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, the SDR was redefined as a basket of currencies.
Is SDR called paper gold?
The correct answer is IMF Special Drawing Rights (SDR). The term “paper gold” refers to the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDR). Special Drawing Rights (SDR): The SDR is neither a currency nor an IMF claim.
What is the other name of SDR?
Name. Although the ISO 4217 currency code for Special Drawing Rights is XDR, they are often referred to by the acronym SDR. Both refer to the name “special drawing rights”.
Which is also called paper gold?
The SDR evaluation unit is known as paper gold. SDR stands for Special Drawing Rights. It is an accounting entry and measures a nation’s reserve assets with the IMF.
What do you mean by SDRs?
The Special Drawing Right (SDR) is an interest-bearing international reserve asset created by the IMF in 1969 to complement other reserve assets of member countries. The SDR is based on a basket of international currencies that includes the US Dollar, Japanese Yen, Euro, British Pound and Chinese Renminbi.
How SDR is calculated?
The currency value of the SDR is determined by summing the US dollar values, based on market exchange rates, of a basket of major currencies (the US dollar, the euro, the Japanese yen, the pound sterling and the Chinese renminbi). ).
Can I buy SDRs?
Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) are an asset, albeit not money in the classic sense, because they cannot be used to buy things. The value of an SDR is based on a basket of the world’s top five currencies – the US dollar, the euro, the yuan, the yen and the pound sterling.
What are SDRs used for?
SDRs are used by the IMF to make emergency loans and are used by developing countries to bolster their foreign exchange reserves without the need to borrow at high interest rates or generate current account surpluses at the expense of economic growth.
Which is also called paper gold?
The SDR evaluation unit is known as paper gold. SDR stands for Special Drawing Rights. It is an accounting entry and measures a nation’s reserve assets with the IMF.
What do you know about software?
Software is a set of instructions, data, or programs used to operate computers and perform specific tasks. It is the opposite of hardware, which describes the physical aspects of a computer. Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, scripts and programs that run on a device.
What is software system? A software system is a software-based system of intercommunicating components that is part of a computer system (a combination of hardware and software).
What is software and its examples?
Software is the programs and routines for a computer or the program material for an electronic device that makes it work. An example of software is Excel or Windows or iTunes.
What are the 5 examples of software?
Some examples of commonly used application software include:
- Web browsers.
- Word processors.
- Multimedia software.
- Spreadsheet software.
- Email clients.
- Graphics software.
What is software explain?
Software comprises the entire set of programs, procedures and routines associated with the operation of a computer system. The term was coined to differentiate these instructions from hardware – that is, the physical components of a computer system.
What are the 10 examples of software?
| Software | Examples | Program? |
|---|---|---|
| Internet browser | Firefox, Google Chrome and Internet Explorer. | yea |
| movie player | VLC and Windows Media Player. | yea |
| Operational system | Android, iOS, Linux, macOS and Windows. | No |
| Photo/graphics program | Adobe Photoshop and CorelDRAW. | yea |
What is software and its importance?
Not only does software make your computer hardware perform important tasks, it can also help your business work more efficiently. The right software can even lead to new ways of working. It is therefore a crucial business asset and you should choose your software carefully so that it meets your business needs.
What is the most important of software?
The most important piece of software on your computer is the operating system, which is system software. Windows is the most popular operating system for PCs.
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